Lawn weeds can occur on new lawns as well as established lawns. Wind and bird borne weeds will occur. 

On established lawns the best way to reduce weeds is to follow a good maintenance programme. Occasional weeds can be controlled on established lawns by hand weeding or spot spraying.

A larger weed problem may require more extensive work or spraying to get to a manageable level.  

Lawn moss maybe a temporary problem due to drought or water logging. If moss is more persistent it could be because there is an underlying reason and it will need more management.

Moss can be controlled with a good maintenance programme including scarification and/or moss killer, usually applied in Autumn or Spring.     

Scarifying a lawn removes lawn thatch and weeds. This process is usually done in late spring and/or late summer after moss and weed treatment has been applied. Lighter scarifying can be done frequently in the growing season to help prevent the buildup of thatch in the lawn. The lighter operation will also discourage any broad leaf weeds and help stop lateral grass growth.

Aerating a lawn puts holes in a lawn to help water and air movement in the soil. After a period of time has passed, the soil pore spaces that hold the air, slowly decrease resulting in soil compaction. This can be problematic for the health of the lawn because the lawn drainage is impeded which can allow shallow rooted grass to become more dominant which is less drought resistance and thatch can build up.

It can be done anytime as long as the soil and weather conditions permit. The best time of year to do this is in late summer/early autumn.

Hedges are recommended not to be worked on between March and August as this is the main breeding season for nesting birds although some birds may nest outside of this time. Hedges can be cut within this time frame if a check has been carried out for active nests and none found or the area with the nest is left until the birds have fledged. If an active nest is found during work then work must stop immediately in that area and left until birds have fledged.

It is an offence under the Wildlife and Countryside Act of 1981 to damage or destroy the nest of any wild bird whilst it is in use or being built. 

Some hedges can and may benefit from being cut twice a year. Other hedges may be best trimmed after flowering. Most hedges can get trimmed from August onwards until November, depending on weather conditions.

Mowing is usually done between March and October. Over the summer, lawns can be mown twice a week depending on the weather. Over spring and autumn grass can be mown every week depending on growth and weather. In winter mowing may not be needed unless the weather is mild encouraging further growth.

The more often the lawn is mown the denser it will grow. Ideally only 1/3 of the height of the grass should be removed when mowing. 

Strimming maybe a better option if the grass is very long or there is difficult or limited access for a mower.

Fruit tree pruning can generally be carried out in winter. 

It is important to remove fallen leaves on a lawn as they can smother a lawn and encourage unwanted garden pests and disease and weaken the grass.